Cyrillic numerals.
Latin and Greek letters receive extensive support for the font variations required by mathematicians: sans-serif, avec-serif, italic, bold, et cetera. By contrast, Cyrillic letters, many of which are derived from Greek letters, receive little accomodation for the needs of mathematicians.
In the way that Greek letters are the basis for Greek numerals, Cyrillic letters are the basis for Cyrillic_numerals.
Unicode provides limited support for Cyrillic numerals, as detailed on this page, much of whose content is taken from Wikipedia.
Greek numerals are based on Greek alphabetical order, as would be expected; but Cyrillic numerals are also based on Greek alphabetical order, rather than Cyrillic. For this reason, Greek numerals are included in table N-5 for comparison. For Cyrillic numerals, but upper case and lower case are shown, but they have been rarely used since the eighteenth century. Most examples are handwritten rather than typographed, and with handwritten characters there is often no clear and consistent difference between majuscules and minuscules.
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Table N-5 Cyrillic Numerals with Greek Numerals for comparison | ||||||||||||||||
| Greek | Value | Cyrillic | Greek | Value | Cyrillic | Greek | Value | Cyrillic | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Α α | 1 | А А А а а а |
Ι ι | 10 | І І І і і і |
Ї Ї Ї ї ї ї |
Ρ ρ | 100 | Р Р Р р р р |
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| Β β | 2 | В В В в в в |
Κ κ | 20 | К К К к к к |
Σ σ | 200 | С С С с с с |
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| Γ γ | 3 | Г Г Г г г г |
Λ λ | 30 | Л Л Л л л л |
Τ τ | 300 | Т Т Т т т т |
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| Δ δ | 4 | Д Д Д д д д |
Μ μ | 40 | М М М м м м |
Υ υ | 400 | У У У у у у |
Ѵ Ѵ ѵ ѵ |
ОУ ОУ ОУ оу оу оу |
Ꙋ Ꙋ ꙋ ꙋ |
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| Ε ε | 5 | Є Є Є є є є |
Е Е Е е е е |
Ν ν | 50 | Н Н Н н н н |
Φ φ | 500 | Ф Ф Ф ф ф ф |
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| Ϛ ϛ or Ϝ ϝ |
6 | Ѕ Ѕ Ѕ ѕ ѕ ѕ |
Ꙃ Ꙃ ꙃ ꙃ |
Ꙅ Ꙅ ꙅ ꙅ |
Ξ ξ | 60 | Ѯ Ѯ ѯ ѯ |
Ч Ч Ч ч ч ч |
Χ χ | 600 | Х Х Х х х х |
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| Ζ ζ | 7 | З З З з з з |
Ꙁ Ꙁ ꙁ ꙁ |
Ο ο | 70 | Ѻ Ѻ ѻ ѻ |
О О О о о о |
Ψ ψ | 700 | Ѱ Ѱ ѱ ѱ |
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| Η η | 8 | И И И и и и |
Π π | 80 | П П П п п п |
Ω ω | 800 | Ѡ Ѡ ѡ ѡ |
Ѿ Ѿ ѿ ѿ |
Ꙍ Ꙍ ꙍ ꙍ |
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| Θ θ | 9 | Ѳ Ѳ ѳ ѳ |
Ϟ ϟ or Ϙ ϙ |
90 | Ч Ч Ч ч ч ч |
Ҁ Ҁ ҁ ҁ |
Ϡ ϡ or Ͳ ͳ |
900 | Ц Ц Ц ц ц &tScy; |
Ѧ Ѧ ѧ ѧ |
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| Observe that Ч might be used for either 60 or 90.
The presence of Ѯ or Ҁ elsewhere in the same number, or within a number in the surrounding text, may resolve the uncertainty. |
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| Table N-5a
Additional characters "c." stands for "combining" |
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| Unicode name | source | result | comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| c. Cyrillic titlo | А҃ | А҃ | The titlo is used to distinguish numbers from text.
The macron is used in the middle of spans of three or more digits. |
| c. Cyrillic titlo left half | А︮ | А︮ | |
| c. conjoining macron | А︦ | А︦ | |
| c. Cyrillic titlo right half | А︯ | А︯ | |
| Cyrillic thousands sign | ҂ | ҂ | non-combining multiplier |
| c. enclosing circle (Cyrillic c. ten thousands sign) | А⃝ | А⃝ | combining multiplier |
| c. Cyrillic hundred thousands sign | А҈ | А҈ | |
| c. Cyrillic millions sign | А҉ | А҉ | |
| c. Cyrillic ten millions sign | А꙰ | А꙰ | |
| c. Cyrillic hundred millions sign | А꙱ | А꙱ | |
| c. Cyrillic thousand millions sign | А꙲ | А꙲ | |
| As with diacritical markings, many fonts do not yet render these correctly. | |||
The Cyrillic family of alphabets serves a wide range of languages. Although all the Cyrillic alphabets have a great deal in common, each language has an alphabet that differs somewhat from the others, principally in the addition or omission of particular letters. Alphabetical order is roughly the same in all.
Displayed below is the Russian alphabet, to give a context to the numbers in the table above. Russian was chosen here merely because it is the most prominent of the Cyrillic languages; most Russian letters have either a Greek or Glagolitic origin. Glagolitic numerals are attested, although they have little influence on the Cyrillic numerals in table N-5 above.
| Table N-5b Russian alphabet |
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| upper case |
lower case |
upper case |
lower case |
upper case |
lower case |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| А А А а | а а К | К К к | к к Х | Х Х х | х х | ||
| Б Б Б б | б б Л | Л Л л | л л Ц | Ц Ц ц | ц ц | ||
| В В В в | в в М | М М м | м м Ч | Ч Ч ч | ч ч | ||
| Г Г Г г | г г Н | Н Н н | н н Ш | Ш Ш ш | ш ш | ||
| Д Д Д д | д д О | О О о | о о Щ | Щ Щ щ | щ щ | ||
| Е Е Е е | е е П | П П п | п п Ъ | Ъ Ъ ъ | ъ ъ | ||
| Ё Ё Ё ё | ё ё Р | Р Р р | р р Ы | Ы Ы ы | ы ы | ||
| Ж Ж Ж ж | ж ж С | С С с | с с Ь | Ь Ь ь | ь ь | ||
| З З З з | з з Т | Т Т т | т т Э | Э Э э | э э | ||
| И И И и | и и У | У У у | у у Ю | Ю Ю ю | ю ю | ||
| Й Й Й й | й й Ф | Ф Ф ф | ф ф Я | Я Я я | я я | ||
The four letters below were removed in the Russian orthographic reforms of 1917-18; three of them have numeric values and appear in table N-5 above. These removals, which were at the direction of the Russian government, had no binding effect on any Cyrillic alphabet used outside Russia's borders.
| Table N-5c Russian alphabet removals |
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| upper case |
lower case |
numerical value |
|---|---|---|
| І І І |
і і і |
10 |
| Ѣ Ѣ |
ѣ ѣ |
none |
| Ѳ Ѳ |
ѳ ѳ |
9 |
| Ѵ Ѵ |
ѵ ѵ |
400 |